Shikoku O-Henro (四国お遍路)
Dōgyō Ninin (同行二人): Two Travelling as One
In the beginning of June 2009, I'll be doing the Tokushima Prefecture portion of the Shikoku o-henro route. The o-henro is a pilgrimage route through 88 Buddhist temples around the island; it's been in existence for well over a thousand years, and 300,000 pilgrims per year walk some or all of the route.

Tokushima Prefecture's portion of the henro is know as the "Dōjō of Awakening Faith", and includes 23 temples. A map showing their locations is here. Information on how a pilgrim dresses and behaves is here.
Visiting Temples
When stopping at a temple, there's a typical routine to be followed (although there are no hard and fast "rules" about these things):
- One first stops at the niōmon, the temple's outer gate, to pay respects to the niō, the guardians of the temple.
- Next, one purifies oneself by washing at the chōzubachi (ablution basin).
- Then, one goes to the hondō, the temple's main hall, to offer prayers to the temple's patron Buddha (see the list below for the patrons of each of the 23 Tokushima-ken temples).
- After the hondō, the next stop is the daishidō, to offer prayers to Kōbō Daishi.
- Finally, one stops at the nōkyōshō, the temple stamp office, to get the small book which he carries, called a nōkyōchō, stamped with the temple's seal; the priest also writes the seed-syllable of the temple's patron in bonji. The cost for this is 300 to 500¥.
More details on temple protocol (including the various recitations and mantras in kanji, kana and rōmaji) are here.
O-Settai (お接待)
En route, it's not unusual for people to offer pilgrims food, rides or even money or a night's lodging. This is called o-settai, and any offer made must (in theory, anyway) be accepted—the person making the offer is effectively offering to both give to Kōbō Daishi and participate in the pilgrimage. In response, the pilgrim will bow and recite the Gohōgō, Kōbō Daishi's shingon, NAMU DAISHI HENJŌ KONGŌ, three times. In addition, it's also customary to give the person who's made the offer an osame-fuda, a "name tag", with a blessing and one's name and address to givers of o-settai.
Temples of the Tokushima-ken O-Henro
The following is my general plan for doing the Tokushima portion of the o-henro in a week's time, walking for the most part, but taking other transportation when it makes sense to.
I'm going to travel light, a few days changes of clothing in a backpack—I'm going to take quick-drying stuff I can wash on the way—and (for me) minimal equipment—a point and shoot camera, my iPhone, my denshi jisho, my GPS unit (a Garmin Colorado with road and topo maps for Japan), chargers, a book or two, minimal toiletries, and a towel. I'll do my shopping for henro-specific stuff in Ōsaka, and, if necessary, at Ryōzenji on the first day.
I'll be starting out by taking the train from Ōsaka to Wakayama and then taking the Nankai ferry from there to Tokushima City. I'll spend the night in a hotel and start out bright and early the next morning by taking the train up to Naruto.
Day 1 (16.9 km)
The first day of the o-henro begins in Naruto, just north of Tokushima City, and heads west, passing by seven temples.
Temple 1: Ryōzenji 霊山寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Shaka Nyorai (釈迦如来) |
| Mantra | nōmaku sanmanda bodanan naku ノーマク・サンマンダ・ボダナン・ナク |
Walk 1.2 km to...
Temple 2: Gokurakuji 極楽寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Amida Nyorai (阿弥陀如来) |
| Mantra | on amirita tēsē karaun オン・アミリタ・テーセー・カラウン |
Walk 2.5 km to...
Temple 3: Konsenji 金泉寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Shaka Nyorai (釈迦如来) |
| Mantra | nōmaku sanmanda bodanan naku ノーマク・サンマンダ・ボダナン・ナク |
Walk 4.9 km to...
Temple 4: Dainichiji 大日寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Tōji) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Dainichi Nyorai (大日如来) |
| Mantra | on abira unken bazara datoban オン・アビラ・ウンケン・バザラ・ダトバン |
Walk 2.0 km to...
Temple 5: Jizōji 地蔵寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Omuro ha) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Jizō Bosatsu (地蔵菩薩) |
| Mantra | on kakakabi san'emai sowaka オン・カカカビ・サンエマイ・ソワカ |
Walk 5.3 km to...
Temple 6: Anrakuji 安楽寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
Walk 1.0 km to...
Temple 7: Jūrakuji 十楽寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Amida Nyorai (阿弥陀如来) |
| Mantra | on amirita tēsē karaun オン・アミリタ・テーセー・カラウン |
After this, I'll walk 1.0 km back to Anrakuji and stay the night at the shukubō there....
Day 2 (18.0 km)
Four temples today. Starting from the Anrakuji Shukubō, walk 5.2 km to...
Temple 8: Kumadaniji 熊谷寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Senjukanzeon Bosatsu (千手観世音菩薩) |
| Mantra | on bazara tarama kiriku sowaka オン・バザラ・タラマ・キリク・ソワカ |
Walk 2.4 km to...
Temple 9: Hōrinji 法輪寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Nehan Shaka Nyorai (涅槃釈迦如来) |
| Mantra | nōmaku sanmanda bodanan naku ノーマク・サンマンダ・ボダナン・ナク |
Walk 3.8 km to...
Temple 10: Kirihataji 切幡寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Senjukanzeon Bosatsu (千手観世音菩薩) |
| Mantra | on bazara tarama kiriku sowaka オン・バザラ・タラマ・キリク・ソワカ |
Take a cab 9.8 km to...
Temple 11: Fujiidera 藤井寺
| Affiliation | Rinzai Zen-shū (Myōshinjiha) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
From Fujiidera, I plan to walk 6.8 km to Ryūsui An, a legendary site at which Kōbō Daishi magically caused a spring to appear on the hilltop. From there, I'll take a taxi to the Uemura Ryokan for the night...
Day 3 (16.8 km)
This is one of the most difficult days, "henro korogashi", a "pilgrim-killer". The walk is about 6.8 km, mostly uphill. Accordingly, only one temple, followed by a stay at a hotel with an onsen.
Temple 12: Shōzanji 焼山寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Kokuzō Bosatsu (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | nōbō akyasha kyarabaya on arikya mari bori sowaka ノーボー・アキャシャ・キャラバヤ・オン・アリキャ・マリ・ボリ・ソワカ |
From here, I'll take a bus to the Kamemiya Onsen Hotel for the night...
First thing in the morning of Day 3, my friend and I set off on the long walk back to Tokushima-shi. It took us pretty much the entire morning, in drizzling rain, to make it, with a couple of stops for coffee, cigarettes, etc., on the way.
In spite of the weather, it was an extremely enjoyable walk, through beautiful and heavily-wooded countryside most of the way. The path was pretty completely alongside a highway until we got into Tokushima-shi proper.
We stopped together at Dainichiji and proceeded on from there to Jōrakuji, where my friend met up with his friend, who was also doing o-henro but had gotten a little bit ahead. The two of them went their way and I went mine at this point, but not before I was given a nice bag of rice crackers as o-settai.
I found Kokobunji easily enough, but had a lot of trouble finding Kannonji, and wandered around for a while before I found someone who could direct me there. It wasn't far from where I'd been looking, but it's a smallish temple, so it wasn't as obvious as some of the others.
After Kannonji, I proceeded on to Idoji, where I got into a conversation with a group of “basu henro”, pilgrims who were doing the entire pilgrimage in about a week, traveling by bus from temple to temple along with a professional guide. These sendatsu, as they're called, carry red shakujo to distinguish them from other pilgrims. The conversation continued as I followed them back to the parking lot and their bus. After they'd left, I found myself thoroughly confused, since going to the parking lot had gotten me off the henro path and I had a lot of trouble finding my way back.
I finally managed and made it to the train station, where I caught a quick train ride back to Tokushima Station and checked in at the Sunroute Hotel again.
I was very grateful for the onsen on the top floor of the Sunroute. The murky, mineral-laden water was just the thing for my sore legs and feet—and I was extremely tired at the end of the day—and also had the nice effect of hardening up the skin on my blisters, which were very much improved (although still nothing to look at).
I went out in the evening to a restaurant on the square in front of the station, a place called Men-Ō, i.e. “Noodle King”, and got myself a big bowl of Tokushima “chūo-soba”, “Chinese soba”, which is what they call ramen in Shikoku. Fabulous stuff! It's got a thick tonkotsu broth, and the pork is very thinly sliced and marinated in some sort of sweet sauce before it's grilled. It was terrific.
Day 4 (15.4 km)
Back to Tokushima City today, with stops at five temples. From the Kamemiya Onsen, I'll take a bus 10.0 km into Tokushima City, then walk 3.3 km to visit Kenchiji (建治寺) and then walk another 4.4 km to...
Temple 13: Dainichiji 大日寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Daikakuji Ha) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Jūitimen Kanzeon Bosatsu (十一面観世音菩薩) |
| Mantra | on maka kyaronikya sowaka オン・マカ・kラロニキャ・ソワカ |
Walk 2.3 km to...
Temple 14: Jōrakuji 常楽寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Miroku Bosatsu (弥勒菩薩) |
| Mantra | on mai tarēya sowaka オン・マイ・タレイヤ・ソワカ |
Walk 0.8 km to...
Temple 15: Kokubunji 国分寺
| Affiliation | Sōtō Zen-shū |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
Walk 1.7 km to...
Temple 16: Kannonji 観音寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Senjukanzeon Bosatsu (千手観世音菩薩) |
| Mantra | on bazara tarama kiriku sowaka オン・バザラ・タラマ・キリク・ソワカ |
Walk 2.9 km to...
Temple 17: Idoji 井戸寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Zentsuji Ha) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Hichibutu Yakushi Nyorai (七仏薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
I'll probably take a bus back and spend the night at the Tokushima Sunroute Hotel...
Day 4 turned into a rest, laundry and sightseeing day in Tokushima-shi, which was very nice. After sleeping in a little and taking a long soak in the onsen on the top floor, I got some coffee at the Tully's in the lobby and got started on doing my laundry.
I don't know what it is about laundry machines in Japan. The washers are always just fine, but I have yet to find a coin-operated drier in Tokyo or anyplace else that’s actually capable of getting clothing to a drier state than “moist”. I let the clothes go two entire hours. It's not the first time, either.
Most of the shopping in Tokushima-shi is in the square right around the
Day 5 (22.0 km)
Two temples on each of the next three days. I'll start out by taking a train from the JR Tokushima station to the Awaakaishi (阿波赤石) station and then a cab to...
Temple 18: Onzanji 恩山寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
Walk 4.0 km, stopping at Shaka An (釈迦庵) on the way, and then arriving at...
Temple 19: Tatsueji 立江寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Enmējizō Daibosatsu (延命地蔵大菩薩) |
| Mantra | on kakakabi san'emai sowaka オン・カカカビ・サンエマイ・ソワカ |
Walk 13.1 km to Hoshi no Iwaya (星の岩屋) at Hoshidaniji (星谷寺) and then another 4.9 km to Minshuku Kanekoya (民宿金子や), where I'll spend the night...
Day 5, headed out from the Sunroute again (having again left most of my luggage with them) and caught the train south to Awaakaishi. Once I got there, however, I had an awful lot of trouble figuring out how to get from the station to Onzanji. After a couple of false starts, I finally asked a woman who was loading up her van for directions.
She thought about it for a moment, and started to explain how to proceed, then stopped, thought about it some more and began again. Finally, she said, “It's too complicated, let me just drive you over there.” Happily, I accepted. She left me at the bottom of the hill leading to the temple at its summit.
About a third of the way up, I discovered the temple parking lot, which was—amazingly—filled with a crowd of four- and five-year-old children. I was equally surprised to see my aquaintance from several days before, Irie-san, as well.
It turned out that this was a local preschool class, who were all learning about o-henro and o-settai by coming out and providing breakfast for any pilgrims who happened to come along. The children weren't at all sure what to make of me initially, but they warmed up after hearing me chatting in Japanese with their teachers.
I was offered my choice of tea or coffee (I was very happy to have a cup of coffee in the morning!), rice crackers, oranges, juice and a variety of other treats, as well as some souvenirs that the children had made.
Day 6 (10.5 km)
Another "henro korogashi" today. Start out by walking 4.0 km (up steep hills) to...
Temple 20: Kakurinji 鶴林寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Jizō Daibosatsu (地蔵大菩薩) |
| Mantra | on kakakabi san'emai sowaka オン・カカカビ・サンエマイ・ソワカ |
Walk 6.5 km (up and down hills) to...
Temple 21: Tairyuji 太龍寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Kokuzō Bosatsu (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | nōbō akyasha kyarabaya on arikya mari bori sowaka ノーボー・アキャシャ・キャラバヤ・オン・アリキャ・マリ・ボリ・ソワカ |
Take the ropeway 2.9 km to Hotel Washinosato (ホテル鷲の里), where I'll spend the night (they've also got a nice bath house, apparently)...
Day 7 (18.2 km)
Last day! Start by taking a cab to...
Temple 22: Byōdōji 平等寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
Walk 2.2 km to the JR Aratano (新野) train station, and take the train 8.7 km to the JR Yuki (由岐) station. Walk 15.0 km to...
Temple 23: Yakuōji 薬王寺
| Affiliation | Shingon (Kōyasan) |
|---|---|
| Patron | Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来) |
| Mantra | on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka オン・コロコロ・センダリ・マトーギ・ソワカ |
Walk 1.0 km to the Hiwasa (日和佐) station, and take the express train back to Tokushima City for the ferry back to Wakayama and Ōsaka...
Links
Some other worthwhile English-language pages on the Shikoku o-henro:
- "Shikoku Henro" on 10-yen.net
- "Pilgrimage on Shikoku Island" on shikokuhenrotrail.com
- "Henro Guide" on free.fr
Day 2 started with my first alteration in plans and ended with my second. As I’d decided, I headed on from Anrakuji to Jūrakuji in the morning, and proceeded from there to Kumadaniji, Hōrinji, and Kirihataji.
While resting and drinking some water after my prayers at Temple 10, I fell into a conversation with two other o-henro-san, a woman in her 40s named Yamada and a man about my age, early 50s, named Irie. I would run into Irie-san several times over the course of the rest of the week in various places.
Again, there was a lot of interest in what I was doing, how it was going, and so forth. I had planned to take a cab from Kirihataji to Fujidera, but Yamada-san after hearing my plans offered to drive me there, and to my ryōkan, if I didn't mind stopping at Temple 12 with her first.
This seemed fine with me, although I had to give some thought to “missing out” on the day-long, entirely uphill climb to Shōzanji, the highest of the temples in Tokushima-ken. I decided to take Yamada-san up on her offer, since it constituted another o-settai, and since refusing would be impolite.
We chatted as we drove, and it turned out that Yamada was from Kyushu and came to Shikoku every year to do o-henro. She'd walked the entire thing a few times, but was now happy to do it in her van, which she said was both much faster and saved her a lot of money as she could sleep in the back while on pilgrimage.
We stopped and prayed at Fujidera and then headed on to Shōzanji. The parking lot is only about halfway up the mountain, as it happens, and the walk to the top is long, but very beautiful. Shōzanji is clearly a very well-supported temple, and is surrounded by incredibly beautiful sculpture, both new and old.
After finishing up there, Yamada-san drove me to my ryōkan, which took a little doing. We managed to miss it twice, but finaly got good directions: it turned out we were only a block away. I said my goodbyes there to Yamada-san, and she went on her way.
The Uemura Ryōkan is small, traditional and very pleasant. Again, I was expected, which pleased me. Uemura-san, her mother and her daughter run it, and I was quite comfortable there. Uemura-san expressed some concern over whether I could eat Japanese food, use chopsticks, etc., but she was pretty quickly reassured.
Another o-henro-san was also staying at the ryōkan that evening, a fellow in his early 20s. He had decided to do a walking o-henro in-between graduating from university—his degree was in international studies—and looking for a job. We had a long conversation about all sorts of things; I explained some things about bonji to him, and we ultimately decided—since I was now a day ahead of schedule—to walk together into Tokushima in the morning, where he would be meeting up with a friend at one of the temples.
This would effectively put me an entire day ahead of schedule, so I arranged to drop my reservation at the Kamemiya Onsen Hotel and return to the hotel in Tokushima City a day earlier than planned and have a “rest day” to do some laundry and explore a little bit.
I had a couple of enormous blisters at this point, one on the ball of each big toe. I dealt with them using the traditional Japanese remedy of piercing them with a pin, letting the liquid out, putting a dot of sumie ink where I'd pierced them and then covering the whole thing with a good, water-resistant bandaid. They weren’t especially painful, but they were a lot more comfortable after I’d “deflated” them...